The Clash Between Physical And Inner Beauty In Charlotte...

Over the course of the story, Charlotte Bronte plays with the clash between physical and inner beauty. Jane calls herself as plain and little in parts the story. However, dissimilar from the stunning but shallow Blanche Ingram or Rosamund Oliver, Jane is a bold and thoughtful person whose simplicity lets her intermix to perceive those around her (by painting) and whose internal nature is far more captivating than anything else. Bronte incorporated her personal ideas about beauty and perception into this story with her declaring the power of inner beauty. Bronte herself is seen as neither showy nor eye-appealing, yet the beauty of her mind and her soul come through the simple, black painting of words in this book through another†¦show more content†¦Yes, God might not have given her physical beauty and wealth but instead, God gave her a generous mind and wittiness. Her idea of fairness and self-respect that Bronte expresses impresses the readers so much that it let us feel th e great bravery in Jane. The courage that Bronte portrays lets Jane to go for the unthinkable- having great audacity to challenge the tradition and to fall in love with Rochester, forming an affiliation between a poor governess and a wealthy high class man. What Bronte included here refuses to let readers think that Rochester would not love her because she would not give in and just become a mistress for him. Her defense lets Rochester enter into a more real understanding of Jane’s beauty. This relationship isn’t just one-way, and Rochester really does fall in love with Jane because of their equal minds and never stops doing so. Jane, less than 10 years old, cries for release from the discrimination and oppressive keeping of her only aunt. When her aunt says to Mr. Brocklehurst about her not so good character and wants to send her to the charity school, Jane says to her, â€Å"I will never come to see you when I am grown up; and if anyone asks me what I think of yo u, and what you have done to me, I will say the very

Homelessness Should Not Be A Pervasive Issue - 812 Words

Caty Neubrand Mann English 10 Period 3 11 January 2016 Homeless, Not Hopeless It s now the year 2016; in a modern, industrialized society, homelessness should not be a pervasive issue. Did you know that one out of every 30 children in the United States is homeless? (Crary and Leff). According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, otherwise referred to as â€Å"HUD,† chronic homelessness is defined as â€Å"an individual or family who has been homeless for a year† (Mathias). Current statistics show that chronic homelessness is still a major issue that we face in society, but it isn t impossible to solve. With cost effective measures and simpler housing plans, this problem can be fixed. Current city financial advisers are spending excessive amounts of money on the wrong measures to end homelessness. If cities used their budgets on targeting specific groups and providing simple housing instead of just coping with the issue, the homelessness crisis can be solved. Providing the homeless with very basic housing is the best method to solve the problem. President Obama’s â€Å"Housing First† model has been implemented into major cities such as Los Angeles, which has reported spending over $100 million on its homelessness issue (Holland). This initiative aims to move homeless individuals into housing by negotiating affordable housing with landlords (Mathias). However, this project cost L.A. almost $40 million and took 7 years to build only 102 units. Instead, simple housing,Show MoreRelatedA Study Of Mental Disorders Among The Homeless996 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a study of Mental Disorders among the Homeless, there are around 740,000 individual’s homeless in the United States alone at any given night. Homelessness is everywhere, yet it is unseen. And yet at the same time American’s everywhere often take what they have for granted, especially the roof over their heads. Anna Quindlen discusses these issues in her article â€Å"Homeless†. She writes about a woman she met at a bus terminal one day. The woman‘s bag and raincoat were covered in grime, her nameRead MoreThe Perception of the Homeless1206 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States alone (National Student Campaign against Hunger and Homelessness). Within this amount of people there are challenges beyond not having a home that the majority of citizens with a home do not face. These include: thinking about appearance, quality and source of food, living space, and source of money. Those mentioned are just a few things that non-homeless people may overlook when thinking about the challenges of homelessness. As a nation the way we perceive others around us comes into playRead MoreThe Perception of the Homeless1092 Words   |  5 Pagespeople in the United States alone (National Student Campaign against Hunger and Homelessness). 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Although solutions existRead MoreThe Heroin And Opioid : Medication Assisted Treatment Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States a crisis, while others would use the word epidemic. Regardless of which expression is more accurate, the situation regarding heroin and opioid use, abuse and dependence has ignited national, if not global concern. History shows us that pervasive dilemmas have a tendency to cultivate a variety of intervention and the heroin and opioid crisis is no different. There are a variety of treatment modalities, both conservative and emerging, that clinicians, therapists, and doctors use to treatRead MoreThe Case Of Nancy Troy And Her Family1683 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence, trauma, mental illness, and substance abuse, and finally, cultural considerations in order to address all the needs and areas of improvement presented by the Troy family. 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Between Silence And Light Essay Example For Students

Between Silence And Light Essay Between The Silence and The LightIntroductionArchitecture is a meeting place between the measurable and the unmeasurable. The art of design is not only rooted in the aesthetic form, but in the soul of the work. In Phenomena and Idea, Stephen Holl once wrote, The thinking-making couple of architecture occurs in silence. Afterward, these thoughts are communicated in the silence of phenomenal experiences. We hear the music of architecture as we move through spaces while arcs of sunlight beam white light and shadow. Undoubtedly, Holl adopted this concept from its author, Louis I. Kahn. Unquestionably, I am referring to Silence and Light, a concept created and nurtured by Khan, and one that dominated the later half of his work. Kahn had chosen the word Silence to define the unmeasurable or that which has not yet come to be. According to Khan, the unmeasurable is the force that propels the creative spirit toward the measurable, to the Light. When the inspired has reached that which is, tha t which known, he has reached the Light. Eloquently expressing the architects passion for design, Khan wrote Inspiration is the of feeling at the beginning at the threshold where Silence and Light meet. Silence, the unmeasurable, desire to be. Desire to express, the source of new need, meets Light, the measurable, giver of all presence, by will, by law, the measure of thing already made, at a threshold which is inspiration, the sanctuary of art, the treasury of shadow. Khan believed that in order for architectural theory to be credible, it had to be constructed. Thirty years ago, Khan began one of his most successful executions of the Silence and Light with the Library at Phillips Exeter Academy. This New Hampshire landmark physically illustrates and ideologically embodies many of Khans concepts and incorporates many of his beliefs, synthesizing them into a tight little package with a powerful punch. The subtleties of materiality coupled with multiple plays of light truly embody the spirit of Khans philosophy at Exeter Academy. As Stephen Holl concisely expresses Architecture is born when actual phenomena and the idea that drives it intersectMeanings show through at this intersection of concept and experience. It is exactly Khans blending of idea and design that makes this building a model for theoretical execution in design. The following essay will explore the many architectural implementations of Khans theories from materials, to form, to function and to the Silence and Light. This investigation shall probe the ideology in conjunction with its realization to the approach, the circulation, the enclosure and the details. Additionally, the Library at Phillips Exeter Academy shall be analyzed in relationship to his theories on education, institutions and learning. As the quote I asked the building what it wanted to be has been often attributed to Louis Khan, I shall ask the question, What did Khan want the building to be, and how did he approach this challenge?Institutions and EducationKhan believed that Institution stems from the inspiration to live. This inspiration remains meekly expressed in our institutions today. The three great inspirations are the inspiration to learn, the inspiration to meet, and the inspiration for well being. The architecture of Exeter Library captures the essence of these inspi rations, offering opportunities for all of them to blossom. Khan continued They all serve, really, the will to be, to express. This is, you might say, the reason for living. It is this inspiration that enlivens the spirits of the students, and motivates them to study and learn. I may suggest then, that if the purpose of the institution lies within the Silence, then its physical materialization becomes the Light. If we assume that the desire to seek truth and universal knowledge is rooted in the Silence, then we may accept the school building to be the Light, more precisely spent light. Khan believed that the first schools emerged from the Silence, from the desire to learn. Schools began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were students. The students aspired that their sons also listen to such a man. Spaces were erected and the first schools began. Since Khan believed the essence of learning institut ions should reflect these origins, he concluded that the building should promote the fundamental inspiration of learning. Khan believed that students had as much to teach as teachers, that students inspired the teacher by their desire to be. Teaching is an act of singularity to singularity. It is not talking to a group. They teach you of your own singularity, because only a singularity can teach a singularity. Postulating that teaching could only happen when learning was present, Khan sought to embrace the singularity for students. Singularity is in the movement from Silence, which is the seat of the unmeasurable and the desire to be, to express, moving towards the means to express, which is material made of Light. Light comes to you because actually it is not divided; it is simply that which desires to be manifest, coming together with that which has become manifest. That movement meets at a point which may be called your singularity. In other words, the greatest potential of disco very stems from the meeting of the desire to learn and the desire to teach. Although Khan was fond of learning, he maintained contempt for the educational system. He believed that the the will to learn, the desire to learn, is one of the greatest inspirations. I am not that impressed by education. Learning, yes. Education is something, which is always on trial because no system can ever capture the real meaning of learning. Hence, the basic nature of learning is a personal desire to learn not a series of requirements dictated down by school boards. Khan theorized that for students, forced to memorize of dates, facts and formulas only to be forgotten soon after served no purpose in the realm of true learning. For Khan, teaching is an art form, an acquired talent that must be able to teach a man to fish, not feed him for a day. The work of students should not be directed to the solution of problems, but rather to sensing the nature of a thing. But you cannot know a nature without getting it out of your guts. You must sense what it is, and then you can look up what other people think it is. What you sense must belong to you, and the words of teaching must not in any way be in evidence, so completely has it been transformed into the singularity. Therefore, it is not the responsibility of the teacher to force students to process data nor to use mnemonics, but to provide the vehicle needed to access informationInformation plays an important role in forming our understanding of reality. However, the complexity of everyday life and surrounding environments is often unreadable to us unless seen as a combination of interrelating sub-elements. The situation is paradoxical: we no longer believe in m indless subdivisions of reality as a method to understand it, but at the same time, we do not easily comprehend the globallity of everyday experience. In the design of the Exeter Library, Khan arranged a series of sub-elements, his ideas into a rich design thick with meaning and full of light. And only, through an independent study of each of these sub-elements does one have the opportunity to understand the overall structure. Defining and study of that interdependency of objects was the main theme of this investigation. I conclude then, at Phillips Exeter Academy, Khan began to manifest his beliefs into design, the Library gave Light to Khans Silence. College Dorms EssayWhen Kahn spoke of the plan, he desired to create the interaction of space to space, from light to light. I think that a plan is a society of rooms. A real plan is one in which rooms have spoken to each other. When you see a plan, you can say that it is the structure of the spaces in their light . Along the perimeter of the central hall Khan design shelving with counter space for the presentation of books. Once the user has reached this destination, he shall enter the place of books. The stacks are situated in a utilitarian atmosphere, with basic industrial style lighting. The exposure to concrete is in remarkable contrast to the warmth of the brick reading areas. Once the user selects a book, he proceeds to the third function of space, the reading areas. The first reading area, the carrels form the perimeter ring at the exterior walls of the library. In addition, Khan provided private reading rooms for the faculty, and an exterior arcade. This meeting place occurs on the roof, in the presence of the truest forms of light, the sun. Homage to the LightWhen one experiences the Library at Phillips Exeter Academy, he or she cannot help but notice the constant shifting of Silence and Light. It is almost a dance between the shadow and light, one that effect the spirit and mood of each space and its user. The performance of light begins at the base, as the piers create a rhythm of lightness and darkness and travels the height of the facade. From the ever-changing color of the brick to the depth of the window openings, light dances its way across the building enclosure. As the natural light penetrates the interior, Khan skillfully controls its every movement throughout the interior spaces. Kahns truly impressive use of light emanates in its execution to the three functions of the library. As Khan had stated A plan of a building shall read like a harmony of spaces in light. Even a space intended to be dark should have just enough light from some mysterious opening to tell us how dark it really is. Each space must be defined by its structure and the character of its natural light. In this utilitarian stairwell, the source of light emanates from a deflecting path of glass and wall. Understanding the importance for various sources, type and intensity of light, Khan design the library to take advantage lights many properties. Khan provided three distinct areas of light for the each of his important spaces. The areas for reading in the Light received natural light that was skillfully designed to enhance without inhibiting the ability to read, Glare is bad in the library; wall space is important. Little spaces where you can adjourn with a book are tremendously important, Khan wrote about the Exeter Library. Khan believed the potential of learning was just as great from looking out the window as from reading a book, however he also understood the need to limit the outside distractions, both of people and of light. . At the perimeter he allowed the light to enliven the reading area, yet he controlled the glare at the reading carrels, through window height and the use of sliding shutters. In areas of more serious study, he limited the windows to a source of light from a clerestory. Because the rays of direct sunlight are harmful to books, Khan used dim fluorescent lighting in the place of books, offering only enough to allow the user to find a book. This action however, somewhat contradicts his previous statements on artificial light Space can never reach its place in architecture without natural light. Artificial light is the light of night expressed in positioned chandeliers not to be compared with the unpredictable play of natural light Khan understood the materials and their reactions toward the light. At Exeter, the meaning of light is a demonstration of Kahns most profound philosophical beliefs. As a result of ever-changing external conditions, the interior space comes alive with a constant flux of light and shade. The room exists in the realm of shadows, that is, between the silence of ideas and the light of material reality. Quite possibly one of Kahns most notable innovations in the control of light is found in the ceiling of the great hall. With the l ight tower of Yale University Art Gallery, we are familiar with Khans principle of light blades which deflect light downward and simultaneously perform structural functions. Additionally, the cross shape emphasizes the centrality of the space. As one can see in the photo to the left, it concisely illustrates all three important conditions of light; the invitation of books, the place of books, and the reading in the light. ConclusionThe Library at Phillips Exeter Academy is the Light, the physical manifestation of Khans theories and writings. This project is more about the accumulation of experience or intention of idea than just a place to store and read books. It goes beyond the realm of the known, beyond the mortar and bricks. It is the threshold between the Silence and the Light. If our impression of a building is defined by our knowledge of space, by what we see at a particular moment or what we just saw a few seconds ago, then it is also what we would like to see. However, if we attempt to see a larger world, one that includes that which is not yet along with that which is, as the creative artist, scientist, and architect must, then a more powerful discipline is needed, one used by the poets, which the ancient Chinese Taoist philosopher Lao Tzu called the Tao, the existential philosopher Martin Heidegger called Being, and Louis Kahn called Order. In his essay on Architecture, Khan said You must follow the laws of nature and use quantities of brick, methods of construction, and engineering. But in the end, when the building becomes part of living, it evokes unmeasurable qualities, and the spirit of its existence takes over. Thus, space can be seen also as possibility present in our imagination. The question of physical existence is inappropriate. More appro priately, one should ask For what is an architectural concept if not the material and spatial expression of spiritual intentions? BibliographyBrownlee, David B. and David G. De Long. Lois I Kahn: In the Realm of Architecture. New York, Rizzoli, 1991. Buttiker, Urs. Louis I. Khan: Light and Space, Basel, Birkhuser Verlag, 1994. Holl, Stephen. Phenomena and Idea Date Visited 5/10/99 Jordy, William H. The Span of Kahn, Architectural review 155, no. 928. June 1974Khan, Louis I. Silence and Light: Louis Kahns Words in Between Silence and Light, John Lobell, Boulder, Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1979. Khan, Louis I. Bibliotecas Libraries, New York, Garland, 1988. Lobell, John. Between Silence and Light, Boulder, Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1979. Ronner, H., Jhaveri, S. Complete Work 1935-74, Basel, Birkhuser Verlag, 2nd Ed., 1987. Wiggens, Glen E., Louis I Kahn: The Library at Phillips Exeter Academy, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997. Wurman, Richard Saul, Ed. What Will Be Has Always Been: The Words of Louis I. Khan. New York, Access Press and Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. 1986. Wurman, R.S., What will be has always been. The words of Louis I. Kahn. Progressive Architecture 1969, special edition, wanting to be: the Philadelphia School. p.89.Cambridge, MA and London, England, MIT Press, 1973Wurman, R.S., Feldman, E. The Notebooks and Drawings of Louis I. Khan. Cambridge, MA and London, England, MIT Press, 1973

Resear Essay Example

Resear Paper What happens when we damn the flow of a great river and form an immense body of water where there was none before? (c) Negative effects on building damns (d) Negative impact on the ecosystem, people who have to move, economy and health (3) Negative effects on the ecosystem -when a big dam is built, it may flood several thousand square miles of land -all living things will be drowned (ex. Plants, insects, etc. ) -everything changes (ex. The chemistry of the water, habitat of fish, etc. Negative effects on the Babbles because of moving to another settlement due to building dams -Baubles lived in homes with no kitchens -the only well was in adequate and too far away -there would be no food until the new crops grew -invited to learn how to fish but did not enjoy It and were afraid of water -had to raise cattle on poorer soil -forced to part with their homes -mortality rates increased a significant amount after having to move Negative effects on the economy -costs a lot of money to resettle people because building new homes for them are expensive -as practice spreads, starts to get more and more expensive -when thousands of dollars are spent ahead of time on refugees, only a few can be resettled on the kind of good bottommost they lost. Negative effects on health -brings an explosion of water-borne diseases -epidemics of river blindness, sleeping sickness, bilharzias, malaria, and yellow fever infecting 4/5 Inhabitants -when population grows, diseases will become a ver y serious threat (4) There are many countries In the world that do not have as many opportunities, or Is well developed as Canada. This may be because the nations do not have the resources to help them prosper or because of their government or many other reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Resear specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Resear specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Resear specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Numerous less developed countries have been convinced that building supersede will help build their economy and provide what Is needed. However they are suffering upon the Issues that supersede brought with them. These Issues consist of effects on the ecosystem because of the flooding, groups of people who have been forced Into resettlement due to construction of the damns, the bad economy because they are expensive and the epidemic of diseases. Therefore, alluding supersede may not be worth It to Improve the standard living of people In less developed nations, as It causes negative environmental Impacts, relocating people Into other settlements, negative economic Impacts and causes health Implications. Invited to learn how to fish but did not enjoy it and were afraid of water -had to raise infecting 4/5 inhabitants -when population grows, diseases will become a very serious threat (4) There are many countries in the world that do not have as many opportunities, or is well developed as Canada. This may be because the nations do alluding supersede will help build their economy and provide what is needed. However they are suffering upon the issues that supersede brought with them.

Health Care Financial Accounting

How to Conjugate Reconnaître (to Recognize) in French

How to Conjugate Reconnaà ®tre (to Recognize) in French When you want to say I recognized or we will recognize in French, youll use the verb  reconnaà ®tre. In order to change it into the past or future tense, however, you will need to know its conjugations. This may not be the easiest French lesson, but we will show you how to form the essential forms of  reconnaà ®re  that youll need. The Basic Conjugations of  Reconnaà ®tre In French, there are easy verb conjugations and some that are more of a challenge. Reconnaà ®tre falls into the latter category. Thats because it is an irregular verb, so it does not follow a common rule in the conjugations. However, nearly all French verbs ending in -aà ®tre are conjugated this way. If you study a few together, each can be a little easier. For  reconnaà ®tre, the verb stem (or radical) is  reconn-. To this, you will add a variety of endings that match both the subject pronoun and the tense. This chart will help you learn the basics, including the common present, future, and imperfect past tenses. As an example, I recognize is  je reconnais  and we will recognize is  nous reconnaà ®trons. Practicing these in context will help you memorize them. Present Future Imperfect je reconnais reconnatrai reconnaissais tu reconnais reconnatras reconnaissais il reconnat reconnatra reconnaissait nous reconnaissons reconnatrons reconnaissions vous reconnaissez reconnatrez reconnaissiez ils reconnaissent reconnatront reconnaissaient The Present Participle of  Reconnaà ®tre The  present participle  of  reconnaà ®tre  is  reconnaissant. It is a verb, though there are some circumstances in which you can use it as an adjective or noun as well. Reconnaà ®tre  in the Compound Past Tense The compound past tense in French is called the  passà © composà ©. It requires use of the  past participle  reconnu  and the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir. For example, I recognized is  jai reconnu  and we recognized is  nous avons reconnu. More Simple Conjugations of  Reconnaà ®tre When youre unsure if you recognize something, you might use  the subjunctive verb mood. On the other hand, if youll only recognize something if something else happens, you can use  the conditional. In formal literature, you will find either the passà © simple  or  the imperfect subjunctive  forms of  reconnaà ®tre. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je reconnaisse reconnatrais reconnus reconnusse tu reconnaisses reconnatrais reconnus reconnusses il reconnaisse reconnatrait reconnut reconnt nous reconnaissions reconnatrions reconnmes reconnussions vous reconnaissiez reconnatriez reconntes reconnussiez ils reconnaissent reconnatraient reconnurent reconnussent The French imperative  drops all formality and skips the subject pronoun. When using  reconnaà ®tre  in direct statements, you can simplify it from  tu  reconnais  to  reconnais. Imperative (tu) reconnais (nous) reconnaissons (vous) reconnaissez

Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Diversity - Research Paper Example Festivals function to meet particular needs, on top of providing amusement. These occasions of celebrations present a feeling of belonging for social, religious or geographical groups. A hobby refers to a habitual interest or activity, which is embarked on for joy, customarily done in one’s leisure. A mix of vegetables and meat and several kinds of white bread comprise the main diets. There is custom for baking white bread, which is flattened (tandyr, lavash,churek). Kuftebozbash (potatoes and meat in a reedy sauce) is also a widespread dish. Crammed pepper leaves, as well as soups likewise form a part of everyday meals. The broth borsch as well as other Russian food is part of the cookery too. Azeri’s restaurants offer numerous varieties of kebabas an international cuisine (WTG, 2013). At ceremonial occasions, steamed rice (Pulov) adorned with raisins and apricots are main dish during ritual festivities. It is taken alongside onions, meat and fried chestnuts. In the holiday of Novruz, wheat is sautà ©ed with nuts and raisins (gavurga) (Azer-embassy, 2012). Every homestead should have seven kinds of nuts upon a platter. Sweets like paklava (a rhombus-shaped finely coated pastry covered with sugar and nuts) as well as shakarbura (a pastry of thin bread covered with nuts sugar and nuts) are an essential part of festivities. On weddings, various kebabs and pulovare supplemented byshyra (a sweet nonalcoholic drink) as well as alcohol too. At burials, the major dish is usually meat and pulov, dished up with shyra and then followed with tea. The most observed traditional Azerbaijani festival is Novruz Bayram that is the customary festivity of the primordial New Year. Bayram Novruz is a festival celebrated by family. During the evening, a fore the feast the entire family assembles around the feast table arranged with numerous dishes to

E-Payment Systems Assignemnt Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-Payment Systems Assignemnt - Assignment Example The report will also try to underline a comparison among the mentioned methods. Apart from that the report will also emphasize on the aspect of database security of the seller. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Method 1: Credit or Debit Card 5 Method 2: Cash on Delivery 6 8 Method 3: Mobile Phone Payment 8 Matrix Comparison 10 Security 11 References 12 Introduction In spite of the incident of dot-com bust, internet has changed the way organizations carry out their business. Internet helps an organization in finding new avenues of generating revenue, achieving new set of customers and also managing the supply chain of the business. Internet has significantly impacted on the global economy (Reynolds, 2004, p.5). Organizations also understood that internet is one the best medium of carrying out the business in a cost effective way and directly selling the products to the end user, thereby restricting entry of any third party. Thus during the early 1990’s the co ncept of e-commerce were hugely incorporated into the business process of the organizations. Electronic commerce or what is commonly known as e-commerce is an application which facilitates online selling and buying of goods and services. It offers online fund transfer; Electronic Data Exchange (EDI), online marketing and different other applications. The major advantages of using e-commerce are maximization of speed in the context of service delivery, reduction in the overall cost and also quicker response to the customers. Electronic commerce also plays crucial role in the process of online payment. Online payment method refers to the process of directly transferring funds to the seller’s bank account. The biggest advantage of an online payment option is that it instantly completes the entire process of payment. The electronic payment options which are accepted in e-commerce include credit cards, debit cards, cash cards and internet banking. Furthermore in order to conduct i nternational money transfers there are several online platforms such as PayPal, alert pay and Google checkout among other which aid in the process of transferring money. Therefore in order to facilitate online payment options issues such as convenience of customer and technical infrastructure and the security of the method must be taken into account. Thus modern systems need to be incorporated for better and smoother transaction. The recommended methods of payments are summarized below:- Method 1: Credit or Debit Card A debit or a credit card is one of the most widely used and accepted method of payment. Credit cards or debit cards are generally issued by banks or any other financial institutions. In this payment method the user directly transfers the money to the seller’s bank account either from its own bank account or through the credit issued by the banking authority. The process is also very simple, thus it will provide huge convenience to the customers. Furthermore it a lso consumes very less time the payment process can be carried out within few minutes. In case of customers making use of credit card they need to repay it later to issuing authority while on the contrary debit card users pay real time from their respective bank account (Radu, 2003, p.2). The option also provides high security to both the

Italian renaissance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Italian renaissance - Research Paper Example Chronology accounts that the renaissance marked a drastic change in the society since artists, rulers, and other groups of elites intensified their activities towards improvement of the existing novices in different fields. Notably, Leonardo Da Vinci presumed an abundant role in propulsion of the renaissance activities since his works affected various disciplines that included art and painting, architecture, science, and engineering (Fisher, 2006). The following discussion shall evaluate Leonardo’s influence in the disciplines of history, art, and architecture in the ancient Italian society, and the prevalent influenced that activities continue to decipher in the modern society. Leonardo’s activities harness him to global recognition. History cites that 1452 was Da Vinci’s year of birth at an Italian city called Vinci. This intelligent artist concentrated on matters that influenced the entire world. Debatably, he had a passion to nature and science, factors that extensively influenced his artwork (Riding, 2006). The Italian renaissance period would not have been a success in the absence of artists such as Leonardo holding to the fact that he was the first person to paint a picture that bore a landscape (Pernis & Adams, 2006). This approach influenced a major change in artistic painting since all his predecessors started incorporating landscapes and shadows in their pieces of art. History indicates that his artwork bore abundance in delivering the desired perspective in each image. Through his paintings on Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, and the Flying Machine, Da Vinci was able to create knowledgeable to the human society such that his predecessors were able to contemplate how the world would be with a set of realism in the various aspects employed in the paintings (Austen, 2006). Further, Leonardo was able to influence his successors’ artistic designs including those of Ambrogio Lorenzetti who embarked in the profession and

Role of Organic Geochemistry in Petroleum

Role of Organic Geochemistry in Petroleum A review on role of organic geochemistry in petroleum;  characterization and applications of different basins Harish Chandra Joshi Abstract Petroleum is a mixture dominantly of hydrocarbons with varying proportions of non-hydrocarbon constituents and traces of organometallic compounds. Generally Petroleum has an average composition of 85% carbon, 13% hydrogen, and 2% of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. The aim of study is to find out the physicochemical and genetic property of petroleum. In this study biomarkers, age specific biomarker and reservoir geochemistry can be used for the characterization, correlation and/ or reconstruction of the depositional environment as micro and macro fossils used by the geochemist. Keywords: Biomarker, Genetic Characterisation, Kerogen, Geochemical Fossils. Introduction The name geochemistry was first used by the Swiss chemist, Christian Friedrich Schonbein in 1838. Petroleum geochemistry is the application of chemical principles to the study of the origin, migration, accumulation, and alteration of Petroleum (oil and gas) and the use of this knowledge in exploring and recovering Petroleum. Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the distribution and composition of carbon compounds. Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the earth, minerals, ores, rocks and also is the study of the origin of petroleum. The major tasks of geochemistry can be summarized as follows: The study of the relative and absolute abundances of the elements and of the atomic species (isotopes) in the earth. The study of the distribution and migration of individual elements in the various parts of the earth (the hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere etc.), and in mineral and rocks, with the object of discovering their distribution and migration. Exploration companies have used petroleum geochemistry in hydrocarbon exploration. The most and major objective of exploration geochemistry, is to reduce the risk of drilling dry holes. Petroleum geochemistry is based on the organic origin of the oil and gas whereby organic matter obtained from dead plants and animals. Organic matter is converted to hydrocarbons in the subsurface through various major three stages of transformations diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis. German scientist Treibs (1936) reveal a relationship between chlorophyll-a in living photosynthetic organisms and porphyrins in Crudes of petroleum. This link provides a strong evidence of organic origin of Petroleum. From the starting of the Precambrian till the Devonian, the unique primary producer of the organic matter were marine phytoplanktons. Since the Devonian an increasing amount of primary production has been contributed by higher terrestrial plants. At present cenario marine phytoplankton and higher terrestrial are estimated to produce about equal amounts of organic carbon. On increases the burial depth, porosity and permeability decrease, and temperature increases. Thus lead to the change a gradual halting of microbial activity and thus eventually called ‘organic diagenesis to a halt. As the temperature rises, thermal reactions become increasingly. This second transformation phase, called catagenesis, during the catagenesis kerogen begins to decompose into smaller, more mobile molecules. In the early stage of catagenesis, kerogens are still relatively large; these are precursors for petroleum and are called â€Å"bitumen†. In the late stages and final transfo rmation stage, called ‘metagenesis’. During metagenesis the principal products consist of smaller gas molecules. Further, kerogens formed from different organic matter, or under different diagenetic conditions, are chemically clear which has a significant effect on hydrocarbon generation. Characterization of crude oil by Analytical Methods Firstly sampling of crude oils is required for their characterization. Oil should be collected as a single- phase sample under pressure conditions as they are in reservoir. Therefore for the geochemical studies, crude oil samples are collected at the well head under atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions light hydrocarbons of crude oils are lost completely or partly. Light hydrocarbon fraction gives the ideas only about the abundance and constituents of the light end of the oil. It is normally observed that the most abundant characteristics hydrocarbons are commonly in the light fraction. For required minimizing the effects of sampling error the crude oil is distilled at 2100C. The heavier fraction is considered the foremost part of the crude oil. It is used to describe the chemical composition of a crude oil and also to compare it with other crude oils. Analytical Techniques in Petroleum Exploration Petroleum system (Demaison, 1994; Hunt, 1996) comprise all those geological elements and processes that are necessary for an oil and gas deposit to occur in nature. These main elements are a petroleum source rock, migration paths, reservoir rocks, seals, traps and the geological approach that design each of them. Such systems involve a genetic relationship between the source rock and the petroleum accumulations, but proof of that relation force a geochemical correlation. organic geochemistry techniques available include surface geochemical prospecting, source rock geochemistry, crude oil geochemistry, natural gas geochemistry, biomarker geochemistry, isotope geochemistry etc. Biomarkers in Petroleum Biological marker or shortened to Biomarkers (Seifert and Moldowan, 1981) are complex molecules derived from once living organisms they are found in sediments and oil and show little change in structure from their parent molecules (Peters Moldowan, 1993 and Hunt, 1996). These compounds are also called as geochemical fossils (Eglinton and Cavin, 1967) because of their origin from living organisms. Such compounds may be derived from terrestrial (mostly plants, marine pelagic (mostly plankton) and marine benthonic (algae, bacteria and other microbes). Biomarkers are generally, microfossils less than 30 nm in diameter and are highly variable in their stereochemistry i.e. the spatial arrangement of atoms and groups in their molecules. The common use of the biomarkers in petroleum exploration may be enumerated as follows: Biomarkers are present in both and oil a source rocks so they provide vital information for the oil-oil and oil-source correlation. Organic matter type (source of organic facies) Depositional environment Extent of thermal maturation Degree of biodegradation Information about the age of the source rock ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ² Geometry of Biomarkers Steranes obtain from the diagenesis of natural products sterols. Diagenesis converts sterol via chemical dehydration and microbial reduction to a steranes cholestane. Cholestane molecule is drawn in three dimensions as follows. The hydrogen at the 3 position points up above the plane of the molecule and that at the 5 position points down below the plane (Peters and Moldowan 1993) Commonly Used Biomarkers in Petroleum Exploration Normal Alkanes: Normal alkanes are a homologues series of saturated hydrocarbons of general formula CnH2n+2. All linear n-alkanes from C1 to C40 and a few beyond C40 derived from different sources have been identified in crude oils. Iso- and Anteiso-alkanes: Isoalkanes are 2-methyl alkanes and quite a number of these have been observed in crude oils as have been the anteiso-alkanes, the 3-methlyalkanes. Iso and anteiso alkanes are associated with n-alkanes in plant waxes where they comprise a approximate number of carbon atoms (about 25-31) with an odd predominance Figure 1. Showing common biomarkers like paraffins, Iso and ante-isoalkane Acyclic Isoprenoid: These are special type of Iso-alkanes in which one methyl group is attached to every fourth carbon atom in straight. Isoprene (methyl butadiene) is the basic structural unit composed of carbon atoms that is found in all biomarkers. The most common isoprenoids are pristane (C19) and Phytane (C20). Figure 2. Common Isoprenoid biomarkers in petroleum Terpenoids: Terpenoids can be classified based on structural types into diterpenoids and triterpenoids Diterpenoids are categorized into bicyclic and tricyclic diterpenoids. Triterpenoids are grouped into tetra and pentacyclic. The most knowing are pentacyclic and among these are hopanes. Hopanes are pentacyclic triterpenoids comprised of four 6-membered and one 5-membered ring. There is a side chain which can contain upto 8 carbon atoms. Thus the series comprise of C27-C35 hopanes. They are believed to have originated from polyhydroxybacteriohopane. Figure 3. Structures of Common Triterpanes Figure 4. Structures of Common Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Terpanes Steranes: Steroids can be classified as aliphatic and aromatic steroids (mono, di- and tri-aromatic depending on the number of aromatic rings). Steranes are a series of aliphatic steroids. The sterols in all eukaryotic organisms are precursors to the steranes in sediments and petroleum. Like the hopanes, steranes are abundant in sediments, rocks and petroleum, because their precursors (Sterols) are so common in living organisms. Cholesterol has eight asymmetric centers and might be expected to show as many as 28 or 256 stereoisomers. Figure 5. Chemical Structure of various steroids Porphyrins: Porphyrins are characterized by a tetrapyrrolic nucleus proved to be inherited from chlorophyll, the green photosynthetic pigment of plants and animals ,hemin, the red pigment of animal blood. These tetrapyrrolic organometallic compounds reported of the vanadium and nickel in petroleum. The major types of fossil porphyrin are deoxophylloerytrapyrrole (DPEP) and etioporphyrin (ETIO) porphyrin structure. Age specific biomarkers If biomarkers characterise a molecular record of life, they can be used for age determination. Certain age specific biomarkers like Oleanane present in oils derived from late Cretaceous or Younger. C11-C19 Paraffins, Odd carbon number prevalence in oil from many Ordovician sources. 24-n-propylcholestane, High in oils from Ordovician sources.Thus the biomarkers transport to the sources has proved to be of great help in geochemical characterization of the oils/condensates. Reservoir Geochemistry The main aim of reservoir geochemistry is to understand the distribution and origin of the petroleum, water and minerals in the reservoir and account for their possible spatial and compositional variation (Cubitt and England 1995). A better understanding of the fluids in the reservoir conduct to a better understanding in an area and prioritization of exploration thrusts. The principle factors responsible for difference in petroleum composition are the effect of organic facies variations, progressive source rock maturation, migration fractionation, gravity segregation, oil/water contact and non-uniform biodegradation of oil across the field. However these effects have been normalized by using ratios of peaks corresponding to compounds of similar molecular weight in the C10+ region of the chromatogram. The study of reservoir continuity is also the focus of the geochemical characterization to trace the nature and depositional conditions of the source organics, identification of the oil families and thermal maturity of the oils/condensates. When a set of chromatographic peaks has been selected, a variety of techniques are available for grouping of this data. One way is to use a polar plot of selected ratios by a star diagram (polygon plot) by plotting each peak ratio on a different axis of polar plot. Each data point is plotted from the centre of the concentric circles outward. The points are then connected to create a star shaped pattern characteristic of each oil. Applications of geochemical characterisation Biomarker and non-biomarker geochemical parameters are best used together to supply the most authentic geological interpretations to help solve exploration, enlargement, production and environmental problems. Prior to biomarker work, oil and rock samples are properly screened using non biomarker analyses. The strength of biomarker parameters is that they provide more detailed information needed to answer questions about the source rock depositional environment, thermal maturity and the biodegradation of oils than non-biomarker analyses alone. Different depositional environments are characterized by different assemblages of organisms and biomarkers. Commonly accept classes of organisms include bacteria, algae, and higher plants. Biomarker parameters are also an effective means to determine the relative maturity of petroleum through the entire oil-generative window. Conclusion On the basis of above observation major conclusions which have been derived from the whole study are as follows: The presence of complete range of normal alkanes upto nC36 and in some cases upto nC40. The presence of biomarker in oil indicates that oil may be terrestrial or marine. The terrestrial nature of the source is also strongly indicated by the steranes. Reservoir geochemistry of oils has been used to demonstrate the lateral/vertical continuity/compartmentalization. References: Bhandari, A., Prasad, I.V.S.V., Kapoor, P.N., Varshney, Meenu, Madhavan, A.K.S., Pahari, S. and Singh, R.R., 2008. Depositional environment, distribution of source rocks and geochemistry of oil and gases, Krishna-Godavari Basin, Journal of Applied Geochem., Vol. 10 (1) pp 17-31 Bhandari, A., Prasad, I.V.S.V., and Dwivedi, Prabhakar, 2007. Stratigraphic distribution of hydrocarbons in the Sedimentary Basins of India. Symposium in Applied Geochemistry in the evaluation and management of onshore and offshore Geo sources. Journal of Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 9 (1) pp 48-73. Bhatnagar, A.K., Goswami, B.G., Rawat, G.S., Singh, Harvir and Singh, R.R., 2009. Geochemical characterization and reservoir fingerprinting to assess reservoir continuity in oils of Heera and South Heera fields, western offshore basin, India, Petrotech 2009 New Delhi. Cubitt, J.M., England, W.A., 1995. The Geochemistry of Reservoirs. The Geological Society London, pp 321. Demaison, G.J and Huizinga, B.J., 1994. Genetic classification of petroleum systems using three factors: charge, migration and entrapment. In: The Petroleum system – From source to trap (L.B. Morgan and W.G. Dow, eds), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp. 73-89. Didyk, B.M., Simoneit, B.R.T.,Brassel, S.C and Eglinton, C., 1978. Organic Geochemical indicators of pale environmental conditions of sedimentation. Nature 272, pp 216-222. Eglinton, G and Calvin, M., 1967. Chemical fossils. Scl. Am. 216, pp 32-43 Hunt, J.M., 1979. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, pp 617. Hunt, J.M., 1996. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. Pandey, I.P., Joshi, H.C., Tyagi, Ashish Tiwari, Sadhana and Garg, Nitika, 2012. Study of the Parameters and Bio-Markers of Crude oils. Advances in Pure and Applied Chemistry, World Science Publisher, New York, United States, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp 49-53. Mackenzie, A.S., 1984. Application of biological markers in Petroleum Geochemistry, In Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry, Vol. 1, (J. Brooks and D.H. Welte, eds) Academic Press, London, pp 115-214. Mackenzie, A.S., Patience, R.L., Maxwell, J.R., Vandenbroucke, M and Durand B., 1980.Molecular parameters of maturation in the Toarcian shales, Paris Basin, France-1. Change in the configuration of acyclic isoprenoid alkanes, steranes, and terpanes. Geochimicaetcosmochimica Acta, 44, 1709- 1721. Peters, K.E., 1997. Modern Geochemical Tools for efficient exploration and Development, O.G.C.I. Training report, Oct. 20924, Mussoorie, India. Peters, K.E. and Fowler, M.G., 2002. Application of Petroleum Geochemistry to Exploration and reservoir management. Org. Geochem. Vol 33, pp 5-36. Peters, K.E. and Moldowan, J.M., 1993. The biomarker guide interpreting Molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments, Prantice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., U.S.A. Seifert, W.K. and Moldowan, J.M., 1978. Application of steranes, terpanes and Monoaromatics to the maturation, migration and source of oil. Geochem. Cosmochim., Acta 42, pp 77-95 Seifert, W.K. and Moldown, J.M., 1979. The effect of biodegradation on steranes and Terpanes in crude oil. Geochem. Cosmochim., Acta 43, pp 111-126. Seifert, W.K. and Moldown, J.M., 1980. The effect of thermal stress on source rock quality as Measured by hopane stereochemistry.Physics and chemistry of the earth, 12, pp 229-237. Smith,H.M., 1940. Correlation index to aid in interpretin crude oil analysis. U.S. Bureau of Mines, tech. Paper:610. Tissot, B.P. and welte, D.H., 1978. Pertoleum formation and Occurrence, Springer- Verlag, New York, pp. 699. Tissot, B.P and welte, D.H., 1978. Pertoleum formation and Occurrence, Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 22.Treibs, A., 1963. Chlorophyll and hemin derivatives in organic mineral substances. Angewandte Chemie, 49, pp 682-686. 1

Communication in Distributed Agile Development: A Case Study :: Technology, Software Development

Distributed software development (DSD)1 is becoming a common practice in modern software industry [e.g. 1], where the level of distribution can range from team members being located in the same city to those on different continents [2]. The significance of DSD has accelerated because of factors such as improving timetomarket through constant development across different timezones, quick formation of virtual teams and the benefits of business market advantages. These needs have driven the software development efforts further towards a multisite globally distributed environment. [1] Simultaneously, several studies have concluded that distributed enterprises are risky [e.g. 35]. For example, communication and coordination, software quality, schedule overruns and exceeded costs are some of the problems troubling both singlesite and distributed software projects. However, the extent of the problem in the case of DSD seems to be so complex that a thorough understanding of it has not yet been defined. [3, 4] Several studies agree that communication is a particularly important issue in distributed agile development, [e.g. 57]. Agile methods rely on volatile requirements that are managed through efficient verbal communication [8] and thus agile software development methods pose their own challenges to the field of DSD. In order to tackle the problems of DSD, several different techniques have been proposed. These techniques range from using different tools, such as instant messaging [9], videoconferencing [10] and whiteboard software [5] to a set of more general recommendations [5]. We conducted two different case studies with different levels of distribution ranging from the customer being in the same city, to one with a geographical distribution of 600 kilometers within the same country. Therefore, cultural differences were not an issue in these cases. We compared our findings against the recommendations of Layman et al. [5] and provide more insight on their application based on our empirical findings and the existing literature. Even though we were able to evaluate only three recommendations out of the existing four, our contribution provides valuable insight into conducting distributed agile projects. Our results further emphasize the critical role of effective communication, indicating that inefficient and irregular communication in conjunction with volatile requirements can cause severe problems even in very smallscale agile projects. However, it seems that effective communication is not the key. Our cases suggest that having a welldefined customer2 is the key recommendation affecting to recommendations about having a Development Manager [5] and using asynchronous communication channels. As ineffective customer collaboration may render the other recommendations redundant, effective customer collaboration seems to be a key factor for successful distributed agile development. In addition, we complement the existing recommendations by introducing an additional recommendation: i.e. enable and support direct communication between the developers. Unexpectedly, the teams in the second case were not allowed to communicate directly with each other. To compensate, a managementled communication channel was established to balance the communication flow,

Extra Curriculum Activities Essay

An ideal school need more subject options such as drama, art and music—to excel at all levels. The school works provided to students by teachers have their own academic importance, Nevertheless that alone does not fulfil the schooling and learning requirements and standards. In some schools, the educational systems are only based upon fixed set of courses that excludes extra curriculum activities, causing insufficient or restrictiveness for the student’s comprehension skills and imaginations. Although it is believed that today’s schools have the best education system including extra curriculum activities, it is yet underestimated in many schools. These activities will bring many benefits to students. Involving students to participate in extra curriculum activities is very important in helping them to develop many skills such as working and social skills. Of course, while there are definitely a large amount of benefits to extra curriculum activities for students, there needs to be a balance between that and school work. Getting involved in a few different activities is a great choice to improve various skills and attitudes, and is definitely beneficial in all aspects, but too many activities can result in students having academic problems and more. Therefore, it is important for students to set some limits in being involved in extra curriculum activities. Also not every student is a mad scientist or a mathematician, so these extra subject choices give students a chance to develop skills in particular areas they are well in. Students learn about long term commitments when they are involved in extracurricular activities as well, which is another excellent benefit. When they join one of the activities or clubs, they commit themselves to that activity for a period of time. Learning to take on commitments is important, and these activities can teach students this important lesson. Many times, being involved in extracurricular activities helps to raise the self esteem of teens. There are many teens that feel worthless or that there is nothing they are good at. Teens struggle with self esteem, and these activities are a way that they can build self esteem. Everyone wants to find something that they are really good at, and extracurricular activities provide them with a way that they can get involved in something and really shine, giving their self esteem a boost. Getting involved in extracurricular activities also allows students to get involved in various interests. It is important for students to be very diverse in their interests. These activities allow them to explore a range of interests that they may have. Students should be allowed to take another step forward and be able to explore the world of art and music and to be able to nurture their talent and explore their own potential in other areas. There are numerous advantages for students to participate in extra curriculum activities. Therefore schools should be encouraged to involve students in these activities that increase the students’ self-worth, ability to think creatively, emotional understanding, social networks and overall increase their academic performances. With so many benefits and advantages, how can schools exclude extra Curriculum Activities?

Free Essays on Female Weakness In A Midsummer Night’s Dream

In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare portrays the difficulties of love and, in particular, the weakness and vulnerability of the female characters in their relationships. They have little influence in deciding who they will marry, and the marriages and relationships that they are involved in are strongly male-dominated. The power of men and weakness of women are seen through the characters of Hippolyta, Hermia, Titania, and Helena, and the relationships that they are in. The first female character that Shakespeare portrays as weak is Hippolyta. Hippolyta is married to Thesus, who â€Å"wooed [her] with [his] sword, / And won [her] love doing [her] injuries† (Act I, Scene I, lines 16-17). She is not married to Thesus out of love, but instead seems to be his possession. She has lost much of her fighting spirit since the commencement of her relationship with Thesus, and he often ignores her opinions. For example, at the end of the play, when Thesus is choosing which play is to be performed at their wedding ceremony, Hippolyta states that perhaps he has not made the best choice. When Thesus ignores this statement, Hippolyta does not protest again. It is obvious that their relationship is very male-dominated, and Hippolyta has become a very weak character as a result of her relationship with Thesus. Another male-dominated relationship is that between Hermia and Lysander. The two seem to be a happy couple and have a strong, loving relationship. However, Hermia’s desire to be with Lysander strongly goes against her father’s, Egeus’s, wishes. Egeus wishes for Hermia to marry Demetrius. Hermia has little effect on trying to influence her father to allow her to be with Lysander. Egeus expresses that Hermia has no choice in this matter; he is her property, and the laws declare that he can do as he wishes with her. Egeus claims that if Hermia does not adhere to his wishes, she will be sentenced to death. The dominant male figures in... Free Essays on Female Weakness In A Midsummer Night’s Dream Free Essays on Female Weakness In A Midsummer Night’s Dream In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare portrays the difficulties of love and, in particular, the weakness and vulnerability of the female characters in their relationships. They have little influence in deciding who they will marry, and the marriages and relationships that they are involved in are strongly male-dominated. The power of men and weakness of women are seen through the characters of Hippolyta, Hermia, Titania, and Helena, and the relationships that they are in. The first female character that Shakespeare portrays as weak is Hippolyta. Hippolyta is married to Thesus, who â€Å"wooed [her] with [his] sword, / And won [her] love doing [her] injuries† (Act I, Scene I, lines 16-17). She is not married to Thesus out of love, but instead seems to be his possession. She has lost much of her fighting spirit since the commencement of her relationship with Thesus, and he often ignores her opinions. For example, at the end of the play, when Thesus is choosing which play is to be performed at their wedding ceremony, Hippolyta states that perhaps he has not made the best choice. When Thesus ignores this statement, Hippolyta does not protest again. It is obvious that their relationship is very male-dominated, and Hippolyta has become a very weak character as a result of her relationship with Thesus. Another male-dominated relationship is that between Hermia and Lysander. The two seem to be a happy couple and have a strong, loving relationship. However, Hermia’s desire to be with Lysander strongly goes against her father’s, Egeus’s, wishes. Egeus wishes for Hermia to marry Demetrius. Hermia has little effect on trying to influence her father to allow her to be with Lysander. Egeus expresses that Hermia has no choice in this matter; he is her property, and the laws declare that he can do as he wishes with her. Egeus claims that if Hermia does not adhere to his wishes, she will be sentenced to death. The dominant male figures in...

Cavaliers and Roundheads essays

Cavaliers and Roundheads essays Two different political groups, the Cavaliers and Roundheads fought for power during the 17th century civil war in England. The Cavaliers put their support behind the king, Charles I. They believed that one man with direction would be better and less confusing then many men fighting over the fate of the country. The Roundheads supported the Parliament, and did not believe that an absolute monarch should run the country. They thought one person having the say over everything would be a good idea. Cavaliers, also called royalist, did not believe the parliament should have power. They were Roman Catholic as opposed to the Roundheads, who were Protestants. Their fashionable wigs differed greatly then the fashion of the Roundheads. The word Cavalier stands for gallant and haughty. No great leader existed like Cromwell proved to be for the Roundheads. The Roundheads, also known as Parliamentarians, opposed the Cavaliers, and they supported the Parliament. Their name referred to the short haircuts that they wore. They did not care about being fashionable like the Cavaliers. The stern and successful Oliver Cromwell led the Roundheads. However, upon his death in 1658 the Roundheads slowly fell in power thanks to Olivers son, Richard. The Cavaliers and the Roundheads fought over power during the 17th century. Initially, The Roundheads won thanks to the tactics of Cromwell. Over 3,000 Roman Catholics died in one battle. However, after the death of Cromwell, his son proved unworthy of power. The Parliament restored Charles II as king. Many differences existed between the two political parties. The Cavaliers stayed on the side of the king, and the Roundheads stayed on the side of the parliament. Much fighting occurred, but in the end not too much got accomplished. Cromwell actually refused the crown, but still had won the battles. After his death, The Cavaliers restored power to King Char...

Five court cases and how they have impacted the educational setting Case Study

Five court cases and how they have impacted the educational setting - Case Study Example It is a clause that calls for equal treatment to individuals by the law, and emphasizes on people being treated fairly, with no biasness based on their race, gender, economic background, wealth status among other characteristics (Stader, 2007). The equal protection and discrimination laws were developed many years ago. They were passed and put in the constitution in 1868, when Earl Warren was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. This period marked the end of a great Civil War, which meant that many slaves had finally acquired their freedom. These laws were put to cater for the fair treatment of all people, whether whites or blacks. There had been much discrimination against the black Americans and this was part of what necessitated this clause. It also extended to state the importance of the white people being treated by the law equally to the other Americans (Stader, 2007). The main intent of this clause was to promote fairness and equality, be it in employment, education, acquis ition of services, and application of the rule of law among others. The education sector has greatly applied the principles of equal protection and non- discrimination. ... The equal protection and discrimination laws are very important in any school since they ensure that students are not discriminated upon because of their gender, disability race or economic status. It ensures that students can access all programs in the school, whether one is female or male, black or white. They are also important in ensuring that a student can take part in any activity of their choice. However, exemption can be made when one is discriminated upon for their own benefit (Fenner, 1999). For instance, a group of students who do not perform well in class may be placed in a different classroom but in the same school so as to help monitor them closely, and pay more attention to them. Equal protection and discrimination laws protect against discrimination against the disabled people. Any student thus has a right to attend any school of their choice, whether they are black or white. There are many cases where one party has sued another on ground of unequal protection discrim ination. For instance, the case of Kansas City versus the US Supreme Court is a good example (Stader, 2007). In this case, Kansas City, which had a population of over 15000 school going population, spent huge amounts to maintain separate schools to accommodate the negroes and the Americans. However, the court ruled that this was a high level of discrimination and it was unconstitutional. This particular case showed the extent to which discrimination and unequal treatment has spread, where the two cultures could not integrate. The ruling in this particular case is important in demonstrating how important the law is in dealing with unequal protection and

University of Strathclyde Marketing Strategy Coursework - 1

University of Strathclyde Marketing Strategy - Coursework Example The University has witnessed a growing number of international students in the recent due to its strategy to globalize the education sector. The report highlights the marketing strategies used by the University of Strathclyde to achieve both academic and marketing excellence in the education sector. The University of Strathclyde has a common goal of attracting high-quality students and recruiting wonderful faculty members and staff. Also, the institution targets at encouraging more alumni to make donations in support of existing school programs, as well as build up the school’s reputation and brand recognition. In order to stand out from the other Universities and Colleges in the UK, the institution focuses more on writing an effective marketing strategy that suits their environment. The institution concentrates its efforts in creating a five to seven-piece communication plan to build and sustain interest in its activities(Morfaw, 2009, p. 126). The flow of marketing information targets to the student population and focuses on the key marketing message to be communicated to its audience. Above all, the University’s marketing strategy pays more attention to the academic outcomes of the institution. The University also builds its communication around marketing specific academic programs and the previous results achieved from the same programs. The results could be based on the graduate and job placement or faculty achievements. Specific tactics used for marketing include the development of print and web collateral that contain adequate information on the programs of interest and their points of difference. Such technics enhance the University’s web presence and result in the development of more compelling pages that highlight the quality of the academic programs offered by the institution. The marketing tools also used include a tuition and scholarship net cost

Three part assingement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three part assingement - Research Paper Example That notation provided by the program is often readily understandable among the management personnel, developers, and analysts. The main initial aim was to reduce the communication gaps that usually exist among various organizational departments or within enterprises. Moreover, it helps to ensure that Extensible Markup Language (XML) documents are designed for the execution by diverse business processes and such processes must remain visualized within the common notations. The diagrams that are developed through the BPMN programs are often assembled from sets of core elements; hence, making it easy for non-technical and technical observers to evaluate and understand the process involved in any given management process. These underlying core or primary elements are often categorized into three main groups known as the flow object, swimlanes, and connecting objects. The flow objects are geometric figures including rectangles, circles, and diamonds that usually denote specific event and activities (Brocke and Rosemann, 2010). These elements in the flow objects are often interconnected with connecting objects that usually appear as dashes, solid, or dotted lines that sometimes include arrows that show process direction. On the hand, swimlanes are geometric signs that resemble lane lines that are found in the Olympic swimming pool bottom. They are often denoted as straight lines that usually run lengthwise in the rectangle marked or known as pool. The main function of the swimlanes is to organize the diverse flow of objects into categories of similar functionality (Brocke and Rosemann, 2010). Regardless of diverse properties of the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), it main function aims at simplifying the understanding of numerous and varied business processes. Question 2 Challenges Numerous businesses often face series of challenges especially when undergoing any form of organizational change since the business process improvement for businesses is sometim es inefficient. Nearly all the management process change often experiences a push back that might emerge through forms and criteria including prioritizing the work (Halpin, Selmin, Soffer, and Proper, 2011). The prioritizing the work often emerges when there are multiple opportunities thereby making it difficult for the management to identify the most vital opportunity to undertake. Additionally, the business may experience the avoiding scope creep as a challenge during an organizational process change. This often occurs when the change team veers away from the main or initial focus of the change being initiated. The management may also experience the getting engaged challenge. This often occurs when BPI has sponsored processes that in actual sense does not exist (Halpin, Selmin, Soffer, and Proper, 2011). There are numerous challenges that are often experienced by organizations when they are initiating or rolling changes in the organization or in an organizational process; therefor e, the change team must determine and analyze the possible challenges towards effective change initiation and implementation. How Information Systems Support Business Process The circulation of information is quite vital for the operation and management of business processes. The computer based type of management information system often aims at reducing cost and increasing organizational information processing capabilities (Halpin, Selmin,

Resistance of a wire Essay Example for Free

Resistance of a wire Essay George Ohm discovered that a circuit sometimes resists the flow of electricity. He called this resistance. The rule that George Ohm came up with for working out the resistance of a wire is as followed: V/I = R V Volts I Current R Resistance This is known as Ohms Law Prediction The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the factors that affect the resistance of a wire. The hypothesis that I intent to prove or disprove is resistance will increase as the length of the wire increases, and resistance will decrease as the wire gets thicker. The experiment to come to this conclusion will be conducted as follows: firstly we attached three wires to nails that were held in place by a wooden board. The wires were attached o the nails by crocodile clips. The wires were all of different thickness, i. e. thick thin and medium circumferences. Electricity was supplied from a mains point,(in the form of volts) and from this high medium and low currents were passed through each of the wires. After all of the various currents had been passed through all of the wires, the resistance will be recorded using an ohm metre. After all of the initial measurements have been taken, the ohm metre will be moved 10 cm further away from the power supply for each of the wire, and will be further repeated in intervals of 10 cm to see if the length of the wire has any bearing on the resistance of the wire. All of the results will then be recorded in a table and then illustrated graphically to assist in the analysis of the end results. It is my prediction that as the current increases, and the length of the wire becomes longer; the resistance (measured in ohms) will increase as well. It is also my belief that as the wire gets thicker, the resistance will decrease. I also believe that the relation ship will prove to be linear and proportional between length and resistance . I devised this prediction after some careful and well thought out use of my scientific knowledge; the reasons I give for my prediction are as follows. The voltage travelling through the wires is a driving force, which effectively pushes the current around, acting as a kind of electrical pressure. A simple analogy to explain this would be to use the example of a hosepipe, i.e. a hosepipe with a greater circumference will offer less resistance than one with a smaller circumference, and also there is less surface area on a short piece of hosepipe, once again creating a smaller resistance. Also inline with my earlier analogy I believe that it will be a proportional relationship because if u double the length you double the available area for atoms within the wire The same principle can be used to explain resistance of a wire. The voltage is trying top push the current around the circuit, and the resistance is opposing it. The relative size of the voltage and resistance decide how big the current will be. So therefore if you increase the voltage, more current will flow, or more voltage will be needed to keep the same current flowing. So as a consequence I believe that a long thin wire, and the smallest will offer the greatest resistance by a thick short wire. Below is a diagram taken from the SEG physical processes revision guide (Richard Parsons 1998) that will graphically explain my above analogy. The independent variable of the wire is its length and the dependant variable of the wire is the resistance. The factors that will be kept constantly the same throughout the experiment are as followed: The thickness of the wire. The type of wire. The temperature. Safety precautions This experiment is relatively safe. The only two safety precautions that need to be taken into consideration during this experiment are: Make sure the surface you are carrying the experiment out on is dry, as a water is a conductor of electricity, and is very dangerous if they react together. Whilst the multimeter is turned on make sure you do not touch the wires, because they become very hot throughout the course of the experiment. Obtaining Firstly I attached the wire to a meter ruler with sticky tape. Then I switched the multi-meter on. The multi-meter is connection to the wire via the crocodile clips. I then recorded the resistance, lengths ranging from 0 100cm. Increasing by intervals of 10cm each time. Thick wire Low Current Medium Current High Current Length (cm) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Average Resistance Medium wire Low Current Medium Current High Current Length (cm) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Average Resistance. Thin Wire Low Current Medium Current High Current Length (cm) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Volts (V) Ohms (R) Average Resistance Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Comparing Equality in Henry James The Turn of the Screw and Edith Whar

The Theme of Equality in Henry James' The Turn of the Screw and Edith Wharton's The Lady's Maid's Bell Henry James' The Turn of the Screw and Edith Wharton's "The Lady's Maid's Bell" share a common theme: all people are equal. Both authors generate this theme by bridging class barriers with a generous master and mistress who have revolutionary ideas. Although circumstances differ in both stories, the common theme remains easily discernable with the words and actions of both Mrs. Brympton in "The Lady's Maid's Bell" and the young master, Miles in The Turn of the Screw. Through their friendship, trust, and eventual love for their servants, both the master and mistress prove their modern thoughts of equality between servants and higher classes. Mrs. Brympton establishes a relationship of friendship and equality with Miss Hartley from the beginning, and their friendship resembles that of Mrs. Brympton and her former maid, Emma, whom she dearly loved. Even Mrs. Railton, who mentions the job offer to Hartley, asserts that "[Mrs. Brympton] wants a maid that can be something of a companion" (Wharton 13). Upon employment, Hartley discovers for herself that "Mrs. Brympton [is] the kindest of ladies" (Wharton 15). Something about Mrs. Brympton's nature seems to insinuate an equality between her maid and herself from the beginning because the mistress shows natural compassion and humanity toward all of her servants. Mrs. Blinder, another servant, describes the loyal relationship between Mrs. Brympton and Emma, her previous handmaid: "My mistress loved her like a sister" (Wharton 17). This love between higher and lower classes remains extremely rare in the Victorian Era, and even the mistress, Mrs. Brympton, realizes this; consequent ... ...e master and the mistress stand by their convictions, and their relationships with servants reflect such an equality. Both Mrs. Brympton and young Miles even grow to love their servants and confide in them, which testifies that they are treated as more than equal peers. In Henry James' The Turn of the Screw and Edith Wharton's "The Lady's Maid's Bell" servants become equal citizens due to the nature of their master or mistress, and the theme rings clearly through both works, which becomes the concept that all classes of people are equal. Works Cited James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw. Boston: Bedford Books, 1995. Robbins, Bruce. "'They don't much count, do they?': The Unfinished History of The Turn of the Screw." The Turn of the Screw. Boston: Bedford Books, 1995. 268-96. Wharton, Edith. "The Lady's Maid's Bell." New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973. 12-35.

Do the Press Have Too Much Freedom Essay

Freedom of expression has always been emphasized as an essential basis for the democratic functioning of a society. The reasons for this are: the right of an individual to self-fulfillment, which right requires the communication of thought and an attempt which is frustrated if information is suppressed or comment blocked. For this we need press and it has to be free for being unbiased. Newspapers is an important source of information spreads news in an unlimited way. Furthermore, newspapers spread appropriate information to the readers and motivate them to think and to be aware about current events that affect society; additionally they can undermine important people’s public image by spreading biased information. They do so, in order to provide exclusive stories with the objective of selling more. What is more, distortion of information, invasion of privacy and the dissemination of unfounded news are only a part of a long list of felonies that the written media commits in order to be read all over the world. For instance, many artist are victims of newspaper’s harassment and slander on their good names. In this sense, journalists invade actors or actresses’ privacy or invent stories that affect their integrity and self-image with the aim of getting the scoop. Nevertheless, how is it to be a newsman? My understanding of a reporter is that it is their job to report the news. That doesn’t mean anything beyond telling exactly what happened. The opinions and the slants put on the news by every network, cable and broadcast, are not reporting. They are television. They are looking for advertisers and ratings. They are looking for the best story instead of the truth. They are reality TV – scripted shows pretending to be spontaneous. Now, I do understand that a news reporter has to pre-write the story so they are not sitting there grumping trying to find the words. So, do newspapers have too much freedom? This question lead us to think about how powerful newspapers are and their real incidence in our lives. Moreover, how much freedom is too much? All of this needs to be looked into and needs to be answered. In addition, the media needs to be held much more accountable for the way they cover the news. Otherwise, history is going to show that our democracy fell apart because it was taken advantage of.

Cold War Case Essay

The Cold War was a contest between the USA and the Soviet Union. It led to the existence of thousands of nuclear weapons, two universal ideologies in conflict, and two different self-images, the United States championing a world made safe for democracy. Its opponent, the Soviet Union advocated world Communism. The United States prides itself on its heritage of freedom, a refuge for persecuted religious groups, a land of liberty that successfully rebelled against the imperial power of Britain in 1776. Its guiding principles were the protection of the individual’s life, liberty and pursuit of happiness and the establishment of a constitution that embodied the best political idea of modern times, a system of checks and balances so that the president, Congress or parliament and judiciary or Supreme Court shared power, checking each other’s work to guard against dictatorship. While the United States did not always live up to its ideals, nonetheless, on paper at least, it looked good compared to its Cold War rival, the Soviet Union. Led by a murderous dictator, Joseph Stalin (1928 to 1953), the Soviet government was brutal, outlawing all opposition, banned political parties opposed to the Communist Party, murdered millions and set up a vast prison camp system known as the Gulag. In the years 1937-38 alone, Stalin ordered the execution of one million citizens of the Soviet Union. In the fifty years of the Cold War, the United States only executed two of its own citizens, the husband and wife Rosenberg spy team. Even though the Rosenbergs should not have been executed because their crimes were tiny in the context of the Civil War, the difference between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of political mass murder of its own citizens is obvious. Despite this fact, one third of the world went the Communist way and other countries were tempted by the promises of Communism. How could this be? In theory, Communism promised a more equal world and at its greatest extent in the 1970s, Communist governments ruled one third of the world’s people. These were mostly poor countries looking for a quick way to industrialise. These countries looked upon the United States as a champion of the rich and powerful, an exploitative superpower that exported its economic system of capitalism only because it suited its interests to do so. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States strides the world as the sole superpower. The United States maintains its grip on this unipolar world without having to make too much effort. The United States spends only about 5-6% of its economy (its gross national product) on defense. The Soviet Union spent somewhere between 20% and 33% of its economy to try to keep up with the United States during the Cold War. It couldn’t keep up the pace. The position of the United States has declined only slightly in the twentieth century. In 1928, its economy was four times the size of its nearest rival (France) and in 1950 its economy was three times the size of its nearest rival (the Soviet Union). It is not just a question of economic or military power. American films and popular music dominated the mass culture of the world from World War One to the present day. In 1994, the biggest-selling film in Austria, France, Germany, Argentina and Mexico was the The Lion King, an American cartoon. The Flinstones was the best-selling film in Poland and Turkey. Forrest Gump won Finland and Norway. It is important to remember that power is projected and wars can be won not just by military and economic means but also by winning what is now an international culture war. A reluctant empire? The United States expanded its frontier in North America throughout the eighteenth century and after victory over Spain in 1898 became a maritime power whose empire stretched as far west as the Philippines. Ever since the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, the United States has pledged itself to prevent the European powers from intervening in the western hemisphere, specifically Latin America. Following its victory over Spain in 1898, the Untied States arrived as a world power. For many Native Americans and African-American slaves, some of the rhetoric of freedom did not ring true. But America’s promise of freedom and opportunity attracted migrants from all over the world. They arrived in New York at the rate of a million a year in the early 1900s. As a result of Europe’s self-destruction in World War One (1914-18), the United States became the dominant economic and political power in the world. It would later describe itself as a reluctant empire, a democratic state whose aim was to spread its ideals over the world but not to control in the way that European empires had done in the past. But what would it do with this power? Britain and France, weakened by the loss of Russia through revolution, were able to overcome Germany only with America’s help. Wilson believed that the values of the United States were in fact universal values of peace and democracy. In 1918 Woodrow Wilson, the American president published his Fourteen Points which called for a democratic peace based on the rights of self determination of all nations and the setting up of an international body, the League of Nations, to solve conflicts. But the world was changing. In Russia in 1917 Lenin and his Communist Party had come to power. Even worse for Wilson, his ideas were rejected in his own country, the United States. Wilson was pleased that the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War One established a League of Nations, but then found that the United States would not join. The League of Nations was rejected by the Senate, the upper house of the US Congress. Instead the Untied States tried to secure its future through the Washington Conference of 1921-22 which agreed that the US Navy should be of equal strength to the largest navy in the world, the British. In the 1920s and 30s, American foreign policy was dominated by isolationism, a refusal to intervene in Europe even when fasicsts, nazis and communists were on the march against American-style democracy in Europe. Those who support American power in the world today still worry that if the rest of the world criticises the United States too much it will retreat into its shell again and leave Europe and Australia at the mercy of a new (presumably Asian) religious fascim. Despite or because of its spectacular economic growth, American capitalism hit a major snag in the Great Depression that began in 1929 and economic problems increased the mood of isolationism in the US public, that is a mood of cutting the United States off from the world’s troubles. The president to take the US out of the Depression was Franklin D. Roosevelt, who introduced his New Deal. It was Roosevelt who would take the USA into the Second World War but only after Japan attacked Pearl Harbour in 1941, putting an end to the argument for isolation. The USA suffered more than three hundred thousand deaths in World War Two, mostly soldiers. But as in World War One this was a relatively small price to pay for what was a huge victory. The Soviet Union now under Joseph Stalin lost 27-30 million people, the majority of which were civilians. At the end of world War Two, the United States had a new and powerful weapon, the atomic bomb that it had to used to force japan to surrender in 1945. Under president Truman from 1945-52, the United States staked out a new role as the world’s policeman whose task it was to protect the democratic and free ‘West’ from the tyranny of Stalin’s Communism in the Soviet Union. The United States would win the Cold War, in large part because of its continuing economic success. On the eve of its collapse in 1990, the GNP of the Soviet Union was approximately one third of that of the USA, even though the United States and the Soviet Union had almost identical population sizes. The secret to America’s success? Unlike the Soviet Union, which experimented with a new and untried economic model of a state-rune economy, the Untied States had a proven economic model of capitalism. It had its faults such as inequality and crises of unemployment but encouraged innovation and efficiency in a way that the Soviet system did not.

Zone Dieting essays

Zone Dieting essays Protein, protein, protein-thats all I hear at my 24 hours gym. I thought that people in my gym talked about it because protein is what you need to take in order to build muscles. However, people used those proteins to lose weight. I was astonished about this ZONE dieting. This protein can help build peoples muscles or lose their weights. Basically, this ZONE dieting is to take high protein and low carbohydrate instead of not eats at all. Many people choose something called 40-30-30. It means taking 40 % carbohydrate, 30 % protein, and 30 % fat. This plan should help people lose one to one and a half lbs of fat a week, without getting hungry. Successful way to this diet is that we need to stay away from quickly digested carbohydrates at for first two weeks of dieting such as bread, pasta, and potatoes. Later, we can gradually reintroduce these unfavorable carbohydrates into our diet, but in smaller quantities. Another thing that remember is that we have to drink plenty of water. It is recommended to drink eight ounce glass of water before each meal, because it decreases hunger and helps fulfill the requirement. The best part of this diet is that we have to eat. To keep blood sugar levels steady, people never go more than five hours without eating. Also, eating a protein part of the meal first is very imp ortant. It will help to control carbohydrate through the meal. About two years ago, my friend went on this protein diet because he had to get ready for his body building competition. He dropped from 185 lbs to 145 lbs in about two months. The reason I loved this diet so much wasnt just losing weight. He was eating and losing weight at the same time. In conclusion, I really recommend this diet to people who are planning to go on diet. I personally think that this diet is the best diet around us right now. Who would ever ...

Genogram Project †Intro Psychology Research Paper

Genogram Project – Intro Psychology Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Genogram Project Intro Psychology Research Paper For this project, I interviewed four of my closest family members. They happen to be influential members in the family. I spoke with my grandfather and an uncle on my father’s side and a cousin from my mother’s side, as well as my mother. I discovered some very insightful information. In doing this project, I found some links and ties that I may not have ever considered before. This project allowed me to look deeper into my family’s make-up. To begin, I sat down and interviewed my cousin Kenneth Diego. He is my mother’s sister’s son. So in essence, he is my mother’s nephew. He was born in February of 1978, in Brooklyn, New York. At the moment he works in public relations in Manhattan, which is also where he lives. He completed high school and college, where he earned himself a Bachelor’s degree. He, like my entire family, is Roman Catholic in faith. He is currently single. Next to be interviewed was my mother. Her name is Valerie Johnson, formerly Michaels. She was born in July of 1956, in Brooklyn. She is currently a housewife but, used to work in an insurance agency. She completed high school, but unfortunately, was unable to attend college as she had hoped. She is married to my father and has had two children. My third interviewee was my uncle, Diego Johnson. He is my father’s youngest brother, last of 5 children. He was born in April of 1964, in Brooklyn. He is married with two children, twin girls actually. They are only 7 months old. He has a high school GED. Currently he works as a mechanic for the New York Transit Authority. And he lives in Brooklyn, New York. The last person that I sat and spoke with is my grandfather, Angelo Johnson. He resides in Long Island, New York. He was born in Manhattan, in January of 1929. He was the last born in his family. His parents immigrated to this country from Italy in the 1920s. My grandfather is currently retired but previously worked as a Tool Dye Maker / Designer. He is married to his second wife, but fathered 5 healthy children before that. He graduated high school and went on to take some college courses but was unable to complete college. This is the basic information on these four family members. Now I will get into the more interesting portion of this project. When I sat down with these four people, I informed them of what the project entailed and asked if they could answer some of my questions. It went as follows: My cousin Ken informed me that as an adolescent he dreamed of becoming an FBI Agent. As he got a little older, he planned on becoming an actor and is still trying to fulfill this dream. However at the moment he works in public relations, in Manhattan. He has many hobbies, which include acting/ theater, reading, writing, movies, and politics. Kenneth claims that he received the traits of a hardworking, creative thinking, and deep thinking person, from his parents. My cousin has an avid imagination and is always seeking the spotlight. That is just the way he is. However when he was younger, he received more attention than he had ever wanted. At the age of 12, my cousin was involved in a hit and run on Halloween day, while trick-or-treating. The accident left him with a severely broken leg which required several operations to fix. He was in a cast wheelchair for almost a year. This really had an affect on my family. This side of my family happens to be very small and so, we are very close. My mother’s relatives are normally very cautious people but after this happened, even more so. It kind of gave us a new outlook on life. Even though I was too young to really remember the entire event, we still hear about how lucky we are today. Even considering how bad the accident was, it could have been a lot worse. It took quite a while for him to be able to walk again, but another tendency in our family is our Italian stubborn nature. He fought through it and was able to overcome it. I think this accident in one way or another has influenced me. I try to base myself on what we have been through, and think about how we all h andled this situation. As you will see, after interviewing my mother, this is not the first life- affirming accident to happen in our family. My mother is successful and I am not referring to a career but, to the family that she as raised and held together, which includes a husband and two children. I believe that I know my mother pretty well and so I was not too surprised about the answers that she gave for my questions. She told me that as a child, she dreamed of becoming a major league baseball player, and until this day is still in love with the game. This could be the reason why I happen to enjoy the game so much. She is always saying that I remind her of herself when it comes to the compassion that I have for the game of baseball. Anyway, as she got a little older she became extremely interested in the field of psychology. As a matter of fact, when it came time to graduate from high school, she planned to go on to college and major in psychology. Unfortunately, because of expense, she was unable to do that. When she was younger her hobbies included baseball card collecting. Now they range from watching the New York Mets, to bowling, to cooking and baking. My mother claims to be a strong-minded, family- oriented, independent person. She says that these are the traits that she inherited from her parents. My mother has a special talent in that she is able to read and write music, as well as play the piano skillfully. As mentioned previously, there has been more than one major accident in our family history. And when it came time for her to mention anything important that affected her life, she reminded me of the story of her aunt. As a child, her aunt had gone ice skating and, for lack of details, wound up injuring her back in a major fall. This soon led to her life-long paralysis. From this point on, my grandmother, the aunt’s sister, instilled this event into her children. This may be one of the reasons why my family is very cautious. My mother and aunt were never allowed to go ice or roller skating, because of what happened to her sister. This aunt happened to go on to live a long life, but my mother reminds me of the hardships that she had to go through. And so, this proves once again, that my family has a tendency to pull through when the times are tough. This can definitely be considered a family characteristic. Now I can move on to my father’s side of the family, which happens to be a little more complicated and much more influential on my life. First I interviewed my uncle Diego. As stated before, he was the youngest in the family, and so claims to have been picked on by his older brothers. When he was younger, my uncle wanted to help people. He really didn’t know exactly how he was to accomplish this, but knew this was what he wanted to do. He currently works as a mechanic and says he doesn’t really know what happened to his dream. My uncle enjoys bicycling, fishing, and going to his cabana on the beach with his family. He loves spending time with his new baby girls, twins, Tabitha and Daniella. When asked about the traits that he thinks he received from his parents he responds that he is quiet, passive, honest, and a procrastinator. He claims to be unique in the family because he has the most scars and stitches. I guess that is something he is proud of. I then asked about how his life was when he was growing up and I knew that this was the topic that had affected us the most. As I already knew, his parents, my grandparents, are divorced. This had a major impact on my uncle’s life as well as the entire family. I think him especially because he was the youngest and literally lived it. He says that even though he has horrible memories of that time, he has tried to have it influence him positively. My Uncle Diego hopes to avoid getting into the situation that his parents did. I think that this is linked to the fact that he hates to argue. He states that it is pointless to argue and that he always tries to work things out in a calm discussion. His wife confirmed this. I think that is a good way to look at such a hard thing. Unfortunately I do not believe that the rest of my family follows is ideas. Two of the five siblings have wound up in divorce, and I would say that all of them have difficulty when it comes to marriage. I can not blame them though. If this is what they experienced and resented when they were younger, it will have a tendency to â€Å"rub-off† on you. Hopefully, the two who are still married will try their hardest to not end up like their parents. There is another issue that has taken a toll on my family. One of my family members has chosen, since he was a teenager to involve himself in drug related activities. I will not get into too much detail, but will say that it has greatly impacted our family. This, as well as the pattern of divorce, influences me greatly. I feel that I base my standards on the examples set by my relatives. Being a teenager, I have experienced a lot. And when situations arise in which I have to make difficult decisions, I can firmly state that I have chosen the right options. I just look at what my uncle has put my family through and know that I can never do that, that it is not worth it, to hurt your family for a silly reason like that. People always tell me that this isn’t true, but I know it is. When I was younger I viewed my uncle has a strong, fun person to be around. And now, I know that I can not say the same. I look at what he is now and the hardships that he has put upon the ones that love him most and know that I will never do the same. So I guess that I can say that through all the hardships that my family has endured, I have learned difficult lessons. I know that working out your problems should take preference to just giving up on them, and that making the right decisions as a teenager will affect the rest of your life. The last family member that I interviewed was my Grandpa Angelo. His hobbies include reading, bowling, and theater, watching children at play, music, and comedy. He has an interest in history, geography, and science. As a child he dreamed of becoming a pilot. Then as he got a little older, he wanted to be a nautical engineer. Well he wound up a Tool Dye Maker/ Designer. He claims to have gotten some traits from his parents which include his inner strength, confidence, patience, compassion, strength, and the ability to stand up for his family. My grandfather is friendly and enjoys helping people very much. This may be the stem from which my uncle grew from. They share his devotion. It is one of their many common traits. He states that he raised 5 good hearted children who are similar to him in many ways. He also says that as a child, World War 2 impacted his life greatly. He had to live through air raids, disease, and constant fear. But he is reluctant to explain further, and says that he tried to be optimistic about his situation. As explained above, he himself has endured many great difficulties in his life, but has pulled through them. He now enjoys spending his time with his five children, whenever the opportunity presents itself, and eight grandchildren. Four of which he is able to call his own through his step daughter, who he loves very much, and considers his own. And so in conclusion, I can assert the fact that there is a lot to be learned from my family. The lessons to be learned range, but the outcome is always the same. I try to use them in a positive way. These influences on my life will carry me through. There are some that I haven’t even uncovered yet, but I know they are there. And through this project I was able to focus on the main influences, and find ties that I never even realized existed. Research Papers on Genogram Project - Intro Psychology Research PaperPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMind TravelResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on Children